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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="API documentation for the Rust `unistd` mod in crate `nix`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, unistd"><title>nix::unistd - Rust</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../dark.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../../storage.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../favicon.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../../down-arrow.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc mod"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div><a href='../../nix/index.html'><div class='logo-container'><img src='../../rust-logo.png' alt='logo'></div></a><p class='location'>Module unistd</p><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><ul><li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li><li><a href="#structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#enums">Enums</a></li><li><a href="#constants">Constants</a></li><li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></div><p class='location'><a href='../index.html'>nix</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'unistd', ty: 'mod', relpath: '../'};</script><script defer src="../sidebar-items.js"></script></div></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../../brush.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../../theme.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><a id="settings-menu" href="../../settings.html"><img src="../../wheel.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'><a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">[<span class='inner'>−</span>]</a></span><a class='srclink' href='../../src/nix/unistd.rs.html#1-2358' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span><span class='in-band'>Module <a href='../index.html'>nix</a>::<wbr><a class="mod" href=''>unistd</a></span></h1><div class='docblock'><p>Safe wrappers around functions found in libc "unistd.h" header</p>
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</div><h2 id='modules' class='section-header'><a href="#modules">Modules</a></h2>
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<table><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="mod" href="acct/index.html" title='nix::unistd::acct mod'>acct</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="mod" href="alarm/index.html" title='nix::unistd::alarm mod'>alarm</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Alarm signal scheduling.</p>
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</td></tr></table><h2 id='structs' class='section-header'><a href="#structs">Structs</a></h2>
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<table><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="struct" href="struct.AccessFlags.html" title='nix::unistd::AccessFlags struct'>AccessFlags</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Options for access()</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="struct" href="struct.Gid.html" title='nix::unistd::Gid struct'>Gid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Group identifier</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="struct" href="struct.Pid.html" title='nix::unistd::Pid struct'>Pid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Process identifier</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="struct" href="struct.Uid.html" title='nix::unistd::Uid struct'>Uid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>User identifier</p>
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</td></tr></table><h2 id='enums' class='section-header'><a href="#enums">Enums</a></h2>
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<table><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="enum" href="enum.FchownatFlags.html" title='nix::unistd::FchownatFlags enum'>FchownatFlags</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Flags for <code>fchownat</code> function.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="enum" href="enum.ForkResult.html" title='nix::unistd::ForkResult enum'>ForkResult</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Represents the successful result of calling <code>fork</code></p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="enum" href="enum.PathconfVar.html" title='nix::unistd::PathconfVar enum'>PathconfVar</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Variable names for <code>pathconf</code></p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="enum" href="enum.SysconfVar.html" title='nix::unistd::SysconfVar enum'>SysconfVar</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Variable names for <code>sysconf</code></p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="enum" href="enum.Whence.html" title='nix::unistd::Whence enum'>Whence</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Directive that tells <a href="./fn.lseek.html"><code>lseek</code></a> and <a href="./fn.lseek64.html"><code>lseek64</code></a> what the offset is relative to.</p>
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</td></tr></table><h2 id='constants' class='section-header'><a href="#constants">Constants</a></h2>
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<table><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="constant" href="constant.ROOT.html" title='nix::unistd::ROOT constant'>ROOT</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Constant for UID = 0</p>
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</td></tr></table><h2 id='functions' class='section-header'><a href="#functions">Functions</a></h2>
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<table><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.access.html" title='nix::unistd::access fn'>access</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Checks the file named by <code>path</code> for accessibility according to the flags given by <code>amode</code>
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See <a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/access.html">access(2)</a></p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.chdir.html" title='nix::unistd::chdir fn'>chdir</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Change the current working directory of the calling process (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/chdir.html">chdir(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.chown.html" title='nix::unistd::chown fn'>chown</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Change the ownership of the file at <code>path</code> to be owned by the specified
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<code>owner</code> (user) and <code>group</code> (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/chown.html">chown(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.chroot.html" title='nix::unistd::chroot fn'>chroot</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.close.html" title='nix::unistd::close fn'>close</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Close a raw file descriptor</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.daemon.html" title='nix::unistd::daemon fn'>daemon</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Daemonize this process by detaching from the controlling terminal (see
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<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/daemon.3.html">daemon(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.dup.html" title='nix::unistd::dup fn'>dup</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create a copy of the specified file descriptor (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dup.html">dup(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.dup2.html" title='nix::unistd::dup2 fn'>dup2</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create a copy of the specified file descriptor using the specified fd (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dup.html">dup(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.dup3.html" title='nix::unistd::dup3 fn'>dup3</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create a new copy of the specified file descriptor using the specified fd
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and flags (see <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup.2.html">dup(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.execv.html" title='nix::unistd::execv fn'>execv</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Replace the current process image with a new one (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/exec.html">exec(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.execve.html" title='nix::unistd::execve fn'>execve</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Replace the current process image with a new one (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/exec.html">execve(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.execveat.html" title='nix::unistd::execveat fn'>execveat</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Execute program relative to a directory file descriptor (see
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<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/execveat.2.html">execveat(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.execvp.html" title='nix::unistd::execvp fn'>execvp</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Replace the current process image with a new one and replicate shell <code>PATH</code>
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searching behavior (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/exec.html">exec(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.execvpe.html" title='nix::unistd::execvpe fn'>execvpe</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Replace the current process image with a new one and replicate shell <code>PATH</code>
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searching behavior (see
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<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html"><code>execvpe(3)</code></a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fchdir.html" title='nix::unistd::fchdir fn'>fchdir</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Change the current working directory of the process to the one
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given as an open file descriptor (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fchdir.html">fchdir(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fchownat.html" title='nix::unistd::fchownat fn'>fchownat</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Change the ownership of the file at <code>path</code> to be owned by the specified
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<code>owner</code> (user) and <code>group</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fdatasync.html" title='nix::unistd::fdatasync fn'>fdatasync</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Synchronize the data of a file</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fexecve.html" title='nix::unistd::fexecve fn'>fexecve</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Replace the current process image with a new one (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fexecve.html">fexecve(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fork.html" title='nix::unistd::fork fn'>fork</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create a new child process duplicating the parent process (<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fork.html">see
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fork(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fpathconf.html" title='nix::unistd::fpathconf fn'>fpathconf</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Like <code>pathconf</code>, but works with file descriptors instead of paths (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pathconf.html">fpathconf(2)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.fsync.html" title='nix::unistd::fsync fn'>fsync</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Synchronize changes to a file</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.ftruncate.html" title='nix::unistd::ftruncate fn'>ftruncate</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Truncate a file to a specified length</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getcwd.html" title='nix::unistd::getcwd fn'>getcwd</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Returns the current directory as a <code>PathBuf</code></p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getegid.html" title='nix::unistd::getegid fn'>getegid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the effective group ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.geteuid.html" title='nix::unistd::geteuid fn'>geteuid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the effective user ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getgid.html" title='nix::unistd::getgid fn'>getgid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the real group ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getgrouplist.html" title='nix::unistd::getgrouplist fn'>getgrouplist</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Calculate the supplementary group access list.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getgroups.html" title='nix::unistd::getgroups fn'>getgroups</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the list of supplementary group IDs of the calling process.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.gethostname.html" title='nix::unistd::gethostname fn'>gethostname</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the host name and store it in the provided buffer, returning a pointer
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the <code>CStr</code> in that buffer on success (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/gethostname.html">gethostname(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getpgid.html" title='nix::unistd::getpgid fn'>getpgid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getpgrp.html" title='nix::unistd::getpgrp fn'>getpgrp</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the group id of the calling process (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpgrp.html">getpgrp(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getpid.html" title='nix::unistd::getpid fn'>getpid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the pid of this process (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpid.html">getpid(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getppid.html" title='nix::unistd::getppid fn'>getppid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the pid of this processes' parent (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getppid.html">getpid(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getsid.html" title='nix::unistd::getsid fn'>getsid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the process group ID of a session leader
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getsid.html">getsid(2)</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.gettid.html" title='nix::unistd::gettid fn'>gettid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the caller's thread ID (see
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<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/gettid.2.html">gettid(2)</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.getuid.html" title='nix::unistd::getuid fn'>getuid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get a real user ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.initgroups.html" title='nix::unistd::initgroups fn'>initgroups</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Initialize the supplementary group access list.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.isatty.html" title='nix::unistd::isatty fn'>isatty</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.lseek.html" title='nix::unistd::lseek fn'>lseek</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Move the read/write file offset.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.lseek64.html" title='nix::unistd::lseek64 fn'>lseek64</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.mkdir.html" title='nix::unistd::mkdir fn'>mkdir</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Creates new directory <code>path</code> with access rights <code>mode</code>. (see <a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/mkdir.html">mkdir(2)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.mkfifo.html" title='nix::unistd::mkfifo fn'>mkfifo</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Creates new fifo special file (named pipe) with path <code>path</code> and access rights <code>mode</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.mkstemp.html" title='nix::unistd::mkstemp fn'>mkstemp</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Creates a regular file which persists even after process termination</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.pathconf.html" title='nix::unistd::pathconf fn'>pathconf</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get path-dependent configurable system variables (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pathconf.html">pathconf(2)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.pause.html" title='nix::unistd::pause fn'>pause</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Suspend the thread until a signal is received.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.pipe.html" title='nix::unistd::pipe fn'>pipe</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create an interprocess channel.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.pipe2.html" title='nix::unistd::pipe2 fn'>pipe2</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Like <code>pipe</code>, but allows setting certain file descriptor flags.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.pivot_root.html" title='nix::unistd::pivot_root fn'>pivot_root</a></td><td class='docblock-short'></td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.read.html" title='nix::unistd::read fn'>read</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Read from a raw file descriptor.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setegid.html" title='nix::unistd::setegid fn'>setegid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the effective group ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.seteuid.html" title='nix::unistd::seteuid fn'>seteuid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the effective user ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setgid.html" title='nix::unistd::setgid fn'>setgid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the group ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setgroups.html" title='nix::unistd::setgroups fn'>setgroups</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the list of supplementary group IDs for the calling process.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.sethostname.html" title='nix::unistd::sethostname fn'>sethostname</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the system host name (see
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<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/gethostname.2.html">sethostname(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setpgid.html" title='nix::unistd::setpgid fn'>setpgid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set a process group ID (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setpgid.html">setpgid(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setresgid.html" title='nix::unistd::setresgid fn'>setresgid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Sets the real, effective, and saved gid.
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(<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setresuid.2.html">see setresuid(2)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setresuid.html" title='nix::unistd::setresuid fn'>setresuid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Sets the real, effective, and saved uid.
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(<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setresuid.2.html">see setresuid(2)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setsid.html" title='nix::unistd::setsid fn'>setsid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Create new session and set process group id (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setsid.html">setsid(2)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.setuid.html" title='nix::unistd::setuid fn'>setuid</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the user ID</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.sleep.html" title='nix::unistd::sleep fn'>sleep</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Suspend execution for an interval of time</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.symlinkat.html" title='nix::unistd::symlinkat fn'>symlinkat</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Creates a symbolic link at <code>path2</code> which points to <code>path1</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.sync.html" title='nix::unistd::sync fn'>sync</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Commit filesystem caches to disk</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.sysconf.html" title='nix::unistd::sysconf fn'>sysconf</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get configurable system variables (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sysconf.html">sysconf(3)</a>)</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.tcgetpgrp.html" title='nix::unistd::tcgetpgrp fn'>tcgetpgrp</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Get the terminal foreground process group (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcgetpgrp.html">tcgetpgrp(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.tcsetpgrp.html" title='nix::unistd::tcsetpgrp fn'>tcsetpgrp</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Set the terminal foreground process group (see
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<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcsetpgrp.html">tcgetpgrp(3)</a>).</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.truncate.html" title='nix::unistd::truncate fn'>truncate</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Truncate a file to a specified length</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.unlink.html" title='nix::unistd::unlink fn'>unlink</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Remove a directory entry</p>
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</td></tr><tr class='module-item'><td><a class="fn" href="fn.write.html" title='nix::unistd::write fn'>write</a></td><td class='docblock-short'><p>Write to a raw file descriptor.</p>
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