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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="API documentation for the Rust `Shared` struct in crate `crossbeam`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, Shared"><title>crossbeam::epoch::Shared - Rust</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../dark.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../../storage.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../favicon.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../../down-arrow.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div><a href='../../crossbeam/index.html'><div class='logo-container'><img src='../../rust-logo.png' alt='logo'></div></a><p class='location'>Struct Shared</p><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><a class="sidebar-title" href="#methods">Methods</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#method.as_raw">as_raw</a><a href="#method.as_ref">as_ref</a><a href="#method.deref">deref</a><a href="#method.deref_mut">deref_mut</a><a href="#method.into_owned">into_owned</a><a href="#method.is_null">is_null</a><a href="#method.null">null</a><a href="#method.tag">tag</a><a href="#method.with_tag">with_tag</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#implementations">Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Clone">Clone</a><a href="#impl-Copy">Copy</a><a href="#impl-Debug">Debug</a><a href="#impl-Default">Default</a><a href="#impl-Eq">Eq</a><a href="#impl-From%3C*const%20T%3E">From<*const T></a><a href="#impl-From%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E">From<Shared<'g, T>></a><a href="#impl-Ord">Ord</a><a href="#impl-PartialEq%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E">PartialEq<Shared<'g, T>></a><a href="#impl-PartialOrd%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E">PartialOrd<Shared<'g, T>></a><a href="#impl-Pointer">Pointer</a><a href="#impl-Pointer%3CT%3E">Pointer<T></a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a><a href="#impl-Send">!Send</a><a href="#impl-Sync">!Sync</a><a href="#impl-Unpin">Unpin</a><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Any">Any</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E">Borrow<T></a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E">BorrowMut<T></a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E">From<T></a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E">Into<U></a><a href="#impl-ToOwned">ToOwned</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E">TryFrom<U></a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E">TryInto<U></a></div></div><p class='location'><a href='../index.html'>crossbeam</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>epoch</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'Shared', ty: 'struct', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../../brush.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../../theme.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><a id="settings-menu" href="../../settings.html"><img src="../../wheel.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'><a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">[<span class='inner'>−</span>]</a></span><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#815-818' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span><span class='in-band'>Struct <a href='../index.html'>crossbeam</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>epoch</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href=''>Shared</a></span></h1><div class="docblock type-decl hidden-by-usual-hider"><pre class='rust struct'>pub struct Shared<'g, T> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: 'g, </span> { /* fields omitted */ }</pre></div><div class='docblock'><p>A pointer to an object protected by the epoch GC.</p>
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<p>The pointer is valid for use only during the lifetime <code>'g</code>.</p>
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<p>The pointer must be properly aligned. Since it is aligned, a tag can be stored into the unused
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least significant bits of the address.</p>
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</div><h2 id='methods' class='small-section-header'>Methods<a href='#methods' class='anchor'></a></h2><h3 id='impl' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#846-1084' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.null' class="method"><code id='null.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.null' class='fnname'>null</a>() -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#857-862' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns a new null pointer.</p>
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<h1 id="examples" class="section-header"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::<span class="ident">Shared</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Shared</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">></span>::<span class="ident">null</span>();
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">is_null</span>());</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.is_null' class="method"><code id='is_null.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.is_null' class='fnname'>is_null</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#878-880' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns <code>true</code> if the pointer is null.</p>
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<h1 id="examples-1" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-1">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">null</span>();
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>).<span class="ident">is_null</span>());
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<span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">store</span>(<span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>), <span class="ident">SeqCst</span>);
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>).<span class="ident">is_null</span>());</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.as_raw' class="method"><code id='as_raw.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.as_raw' class='fnname'>as_raw</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.pointer.html">*const T</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#898-901' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Converts the pointer to a raw pointer (without the tag).</p>
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<h1 id="examples-2" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-2">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">o</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>);
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">raw</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">o</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="kw">_</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>);
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_raw</span>(), <span class="ident">raw</span>);</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.deref' class="method"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='deref.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.deref' class='fnname'>deref</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'g </a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#934-936' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Dereferences the pointer.</p>
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<p>Returns a reference to the pointee that is valid during the lifetime <code>'g</code>.</p>
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<h1 id="safety" class="section-header"><a href="#safety">Safety</a></h1>
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<p>Dereferencing a pointer is unsafe because it could be pointing to invalid memory.</p>
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<p>Another concern is the possiblity of data races due to lack of proper synchronization.
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For example, consider the following scenario:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>A thread creates a new object: <code>a.store(Owned::new(10), Relaxed)</code></li>
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<li>Another thread reads it: <code>*a.load(Relaxed, guard).as_ref().unwrap()</code></li>
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</ol>
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<p>The problem is that relaxed orderings don't synchronize initialization of the object with
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the read from the second thread. This is a data race. A possible solution would be to use
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<code>Release</code> and <code>Acquire</code> orderings.</p>
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<h1 id="examples-3" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-3">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>);
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
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<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">deref</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">1234</span>);
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}</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.deref_mut' class="method"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='deref_mut.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.deref_mut' class='fnname'>deref_mut</a>(&mut self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'g mut </a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#974-976' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Dereferences the pointer.</p>
|
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<p>Returns a mutable reference to the pointee that is valid during the lifetime <code>'g</code>.</p>
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<h1 id="safety-1" class="section-header"><a href="#safety-1">Safety</a></h1>
|
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|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>There is no guarantee that there are no more threads attempting to read/write from/to the
|
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|
actual object at the same time.</p>
|
|
|
<p>The user must know that there are no concurrent accesses towards the object itself.</p>
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|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>Other than the above, all safety concerns of <code>deref()</code> applies here.</p>
|
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</li>
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|
</ul>
|
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|
<h1 id="examples-4" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-4">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
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|
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">is_null</span>());
|
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|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">b</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">deref_mut</span>();
|
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|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]);
|
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|
<span class="ident">b</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
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|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">deref</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>]);
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|
}</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.as_ref' class="method"><code id='as_ref.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.as_ref' class='fnname'>as_ref</a>(&self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'g </a>T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1009-1011' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Converts the pointer to a reference.</p>
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<p>Returns <code>None</code> if the pointer is null, or else a reference to the object wrapped in <code>Some</code>.</p>
|
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|
<h1 id="safety-2" class="section-header"><a href="#safety-2">Safety</a></h1>
|
|
|
<p>Dereferencing a pointer is unsafe because it could be pointing to invalid memory.</p>
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|
<p>Another concern is the possiblity of data races due to lack of proper synchronization.
|
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|
For example, consider the following scenario:</p>
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|
<ol>
|
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|
<li>A thread creates a new object: <code>a.store(Owned::new(10), Relaxed)</code></li>
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|
<li>Another thread reads it: <code>*a.load(Relaxed, guard).as_ref().unwrap()</code></li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>The problem is that relaxed orderings don't synchronize initialization of the object with
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|
the read from the second thread. This is a data race. A possible solution would be to use
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<code>Release</code> and <code>Acquire</code> orderings.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-5" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-5">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">1234</span>));
|
|
|
}</pre></div>
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|
</div><h4 id='method.into_owned' class="method"><code id='into_owned.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.into_owned' class='fnname'>into_owned</a>(self) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Owned.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Owned">Owned</a><T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1037-1043' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Takes ownership of the pointee.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="panics" class="section-header"><a href="#panics">Panics</a></h1>
|
|
|
<p>Panics if this pointer is null, but only in debug mode.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="safety-3" class="section-header"><a href="#safety-3">Safety</a></h1>
|
|
|
<p>This method may be called only if the pointer is valid and nobody else is holding a
|
|
|
reference to the same object.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-6" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-6">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">unprotected</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">into_owned</span>());
|
|
|
}</pre></div>
|
|
|
</div><h4 id='method.tag' class="method"><code id='tag.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.tag' class='fnname'>tag</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.usize.html">usize</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1058-1061' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns the tag stored within the pointer.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-7" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-7">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u64</span><span class="op">></span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">0u64</span>).<span class="ident">with_tag</span>(<span class="number">2</span>));
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">tag</span>(), <span class="number">2</span>);</pre></div>
|
|
|
</div><h4 id='method.with_tag' class="method"><code id='with_tag.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.with_tag' class='fnname'>with_tag</a>(&self, tag: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.usize.html">usize</a>) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1081-1083' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns the same pointer, but tagged with <code>tag</code>. <code>tag</code> is truncated to be fit into the
|
|
|
unused bits of the pointer to <code>T</code>.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-8" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-8">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">0u64</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">p1</span>.<span class="ident">with_tag</span>(<span class="number">2</span>);
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p1</span>.<span class="ident">tag</span>(), <span class="number">0</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p2</span>.<span class="ident">tag</span>(), <span class="number">2</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">p1</span>.<span class="ident">as_raw</span>(), <span class="ident">p2</span>.<span class="ident">as_raw</span>());</pre></div>
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|
|
</div></div><h2 id='implementations' class='small-section-header'>Trait Implementations<a href='#implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Debug' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Debug' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1127-1136' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.fmt' class="method hidden"><code id='fmt.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt' class='fnname'>fmt</a>(&self, f: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1128-1135' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Clone' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html" title="trait core::clone::Clone">Clone</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Clone' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#820-827' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.clone' class="method hidden"><code id='clone.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html#tymethod.clone' class='fnname'>clone</a>(&self) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#821-826' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Returns a copy of the value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html#tymethod.clone">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.clone_from' class="method hidden"><code id='clone_from.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html#method.clone_from' class='fnname'>clone_from</a>(&mut self, source: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Self)</code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/clone.rs.html#131-133' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs copy-assignment from <code>source</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html#method.clone_from">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-PartialOrd%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html" title="trait core::cmp::PartialOrd">PartialOrd</a><<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-PartialOrd%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1115-1119' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.partial_cmp' class="method hidden"><code id='partial_cmp.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#tymethod.partial_cmp' class='fnname'>partial_cmp</a>(&self, other: &<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><<a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/enum.Ordering.html" title="enum core::cmp::Ordering">Ordering</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1116-1118' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method returns an ordering between <code>self</code> and <code>other</code> values if one exists. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#tymethod.partial_cmp">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.lt' class="method hidden"><code id='lt.v'><span class="docblock attributes">#[must_use]
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</span>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.lt' class='fnname'>lt</a>(&self, other: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Rhs) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#801-806' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests less than (for <code>self</code> and <code>other</code>) and is used by the <code><</code> operator. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.lt">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.le' class="method hidden"><code id='le.v'><span class="docblock attributes">#[must_use]
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</span>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.le' class='fnname'>le</a>(&self, other: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Rhs) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#823-828' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests less than or equal to (for <code>self</code> and <code>other</code>) and is used by the <code><=</code> operator. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.le">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.gt' class="method hidden"><code id='gt.v'><span class="docblock attributes">#[must_use]
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</span>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.gt' class='fnname'>gt</a>(&self, other: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Rhs) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#844-849' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests greater than (for <code>self</code> and <code>other</code>) and is used by the <code>></code> operator. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.gt">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.ge' class="method hidden"><code id='ge.v'><span class="docblock attributes">#[must_use]
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</span>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.ge' class='fnname'>ge</a>(&self, other: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Rhs) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#866-871' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests greater than or equal to (for <code>self</code> and <code>other</code>) and is used by the <code>>=</code> operator. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#method.ge">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Default' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html" title="trait core::default::Default">Default</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Default' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1144-1148' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.default' class="method hidden"><code id='default.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default' class='fnname'>default</a>() -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1145-1147' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Returns the "default value" for a type. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Ord' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html" title="trait core::cmp::Ord">Ord</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Ord' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1121-1125' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.cmp' class="method hidden"><code id='cmp.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#tymethod.cmp' class='fnname'>cmp</a>(&self, other: &<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/enum.Ordering.html" title="enum core::cmp::Ordering">Ordering</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1122-1124' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method returns an <code>Ordering</code> between <code>self</code> and <code>other</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#tymethod.cmp">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.max' class="method hidden"><code id='max.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.max' class='fnname'>max</a>(self, other: Self) -> Self</code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.21.0'>1.21.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#571-574' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Compares and returns the maximum of two values. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.max">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.min' class="method hidden"><code id='min.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.min' class='fnname'>min</a>(self, other: Self) -> Self</code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.21.0'>1.21.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#588-591' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Compares and returns the minimum of two values. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.min">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.clamp' class="method hidden"><code id='clamp.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.clamp' class='fnname'>clamp</a>(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#612-622' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='stability hidden'><div class='stab unstable'><span class='emoji'>🔬</span> This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>clamp</code>)</div></div><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Restrict a value to a certain interval. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Ord.html#method.clamp">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Eq' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.Eq.html" title="trait core::cmp::Eq">Eq</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Eq' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1113' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-From%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Atomic.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Atomic">Atomic</a><T></code><a href='#impl-From%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#541-554' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from' class="method"><code id='from.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from' class='fnname'>from</a>(ptr: <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Atomic.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Atomic">Atomic</a><T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#551-553' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns a new atomic pointer pointing to <code>ptr</code>.</p>
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<h1 id="examples-9" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-9">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Shared</span>};
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">></span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">Shared</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">></span>::<span class="ident">null</span>());</pre></div>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-From%3C*const%20T%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.pointer.html">*const T</a>> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-From%3C*const%20T%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1086-1105' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from-1' class="method"><code id='from.v-1'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from' class='fnname'>from</a>(raw: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.pointer.html">*const T</a>) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1101-1104' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns a new pointer pointing to <code>raw</code>.</p>
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<h1 id="panics-1" class="section-header"><a href="#panics-1">Panics</a></h1>
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<p>Panics if <code>raw</code> is not properly aligned.</p>
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<h1 id="examples-10" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-10">Examples</a></h1>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::<span class="ident">Shared</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Shared</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">1234</span>)) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="kw">_</span>) };
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">is_null</span>());</pre></div>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Pointer%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/trait.Pointer.html" title="trait crossbeam::epoch::Pointer">Pointer</a><T> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Pointer%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#831-844' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.into_usize' class="method hidden"><code id='into_usize.v'>fn <a href='../../crossbeam/epoch/trait.Pointer.html#tymethod.into_usize' class='fnname'>into_usize</a>(self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.usize.html">usize</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#833-835' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Returns the machine representation of the pointer.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.from_usize' class="method hidden"><code id='from_usize.v'>unsafe fn <a href='../../crossbeam/epoch/trait.Pointer.html#tymethod.from_usize' class='fnname'>from_usize</a>(data: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.usize.html">usize</a>) -> <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#838-843' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Returns a new pointer pointing to the tagged pointer <code>data</code>.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Pointer' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Pointer.html" title="trait core::fmt::Pointer">Pointer</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Pointer' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1138-1142' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.fmt-1' class="method hidden"><code id='fmt.v-1'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Pointer.html#tymethod.fmt' class='fnname'>fmt</a>(&self, f: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1139-1141' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Copy' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Copy.html" title="trait core::marker::Copy">Copy</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Copy' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#829' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-PartialEq%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialEq.html" title="trait core::cmp::PartialEq">PartialEq</a><<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-PartialEq%3CShared%3C%27g%2C%20T%3E%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1107-1111' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.eq' class="method hidden"><code id='eq.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialEq.html#tymethod.eq' class='fnname'>eq</a>(&self, other: &<a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T>) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/crossbeam_epoch/atomic.rs.html#1108-1110' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests for <code>self</code> and <code>other</code> values to be equal, and is used by <code>==</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialEq.html#tymethod.eq">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.ne' class="method hidden"><code id='ne.v'><span class="docblock attributes">#[must_use]
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</span>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/cmp/trait.PartialEq.html#method.ne' class='fnname'>ne</a>(&self, other: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>Rhs) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/cmp.rs.html#208' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>This method tests for <code>!=</code>.</p>
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</div></div></div><h2 id='synthetic-implementations' class='small-section-header'>Auto Trait Implementations<a href='#synthetic-implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='synthetic-implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Send' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Send' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Unpin' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Unpin' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Sync' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T></code><a href='#impl-Sync' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-UnwindSafe' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-UnwindSafe' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-RefUnwindSafe' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<'g, T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../crossbeam/epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam::epoch::Shared">Shared</a><'g, T> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-RefUnwindSafe' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div></div><h2 id='blanket-implementations' class='small-section-header'>Blanket Implementations<a href='#blanket-implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='blanket-implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-ToOwned' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html" title="trait alloc::borrow::ToOwned">ToOwned</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html" title="trait core::clone::Clone">Clone</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-ToOwned' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/alloc/borrow.rs.html#81-92' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Owned' class="type"><code id='Owned.t'>type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html#associatedtype.Owned' class="type">Owned</a> = T</code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The resulting type after obtaining ownership.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.to_owned' class="method hidden"><code id='to_owned.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html#tymethod.to_owned' class='fnname'>to_owned</a>(&self) -> T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/alloc/borrow.rs.html#85-87' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html#tymethod.to_owned">Read more</a></p>
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</div><h4 id='method.clone_into' class="method hidden"><code id='clone_into.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html#method.clone_into' class='fnname'>clone_into</a>(&self, target: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut </a>T)</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/alloc/borrow.rs.html#89-91' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='stability hidden'><div class='stab unstable'><details><summary><span class='emoji'>🔬</span> This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>toowned_clone_into</code>)</summary><p>recently added</p>
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</details></div></div><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html#method.clone_into">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Into%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Into%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#544-549' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.into' class="method hidden"><code id='into.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into' class='fnname'>into</a>(self) -> U</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#546-548' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-From%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for T</code><a href='#impl-From%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#553-555' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from-2' class="method hidden"><code id='from.v-2'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from' class='fnname'>from</a>(t: T) -> T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#554' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#572-578' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error' class="type"><code id='Error.t'>type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.try_from' class="method hidden"><code id='try_from.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from' class='fnname'>try_from</a>(value: U) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, <T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#575-577' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-TryInto%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#560-567' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error-1' class="type"><code id='Error.t-1'>type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.try_into' class="method hidden"><code id='try_into.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into' class='fnname'>try_into</a>(self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><U, <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#564-566' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a><T> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218-220' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow_mut' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow_mut.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut' class='fnname'>borrow_mut</a>(&mut self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut </a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#219' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Borrow%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a><T> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#213-215' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow' class='fnname'>borrow</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#214' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Any' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Any' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#100-102' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.type_id' class="method hidden"><code id='type_id.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id' class='fnname'>type_id</a>(&self) -> <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#101' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></p>
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