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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="API documentation for the Rust `Guard` struct in crate `crossbeam_epoch`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, Guard"><title>crossbeam_epoch::Guard - Rust</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../dark.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../storage.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../down-arrow.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div><a href='../crossbeam_epoch/index.html'><div class='logo-container'><img src='../rust-logo.png' alt='logo'></div></a><p class='location'>Struct Guard</p><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><a class="sidebar-title" href="#methods">Methods</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#method.collector">collector</a><a href="#method.defer">defer</a><a href="#method.defer_destroy">defer_destroy</a><a href="#method.defer_unchecked">defer_unchecked</a><a href="#method.flush">flush</a><a href="#method.repin">repin</a><a href="#method.repin_after">repin_after</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#implementations">Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Debug">Debug</a><a href="#impl-Drop">Drop</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe">!RefUnwindSafe</a><a href="#impl-Send">!Send</a><a href="#impl-Sync">!Sync</a><a href="#impl-Unpin">Unpin</a><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe">!UnwindSafe</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Any">Any</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E">Borrow<T></a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E">BorrowMut<T></a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E">From<T></a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E">Into<U></a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E">TryFrom<U></a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E">TryInto<U></a></div></div><p class='location'><a href='index.html'>crossbeam_epoch</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'Guard', ty: 'struct', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../brush.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../theme.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><a id="settings-menu" href="../settings.html"><img src="../wheel.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'><a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">[<span class='inner'>−</span>]</a></span><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#68-70' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span><span class='in-band'>Struct <a href='index.html'>crossbeam_epoch</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href=''>Guard</a></span></h1><div class="docblock type-decl hidden-by-usual-hider"><pre class='rust struct'>pub struct Guard { /* fields omitted */ }</pre></div><div class='docblock'><p>A guard that keeps the current thread pinned.</p>
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<h1 id="pinning" class="section-header"><a href="#pinning">Pinning</a></h1>
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<p>The current thread is pinned by calling <a href="fn.pin.html"><code>pin</code></a>, which returns a new guard:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>;
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<span class="comment">// It is often convenient to prefix a call to `pin` with a `&` in order to create a reference.</span>
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<span class="comment">// This is not really necessary, but makes passing references to the guard a bit easier.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();</pre></div>
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<p>When a guard gets dropped, the current thread is automatically unpinned.</p>
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<h1 id="pointers-on-the-stack" class="section-header"><a href="#pointers-on-the-stack">Pointers on the stack</a></h1>
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<p>Having a guard allows us to create pointers on the stack to heap-allocated objects.
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For example:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
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<span class="comment">// Create a heap-allocated number.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">777</span>);
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<span class="comment">// Pin the current thread.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="comment">// Load the heap-allocated object and create pointer `p` on the stack.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="comment">// Dereference the pointer and print the value:</span>
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<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">num</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>() } {
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<span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"The number is {}."</span>, <span class="ident">num</span>);
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}</pre></div>
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<h1 id="multiple-guards" class="section-header"><a href="#multiple-guards">Multiple guards</a></h1>
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<p>Pinning is reentrant and it is perfectly legal to create multiple guards. In that case, the
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thread will actually be pinned only when the first guard is created and unpinned when the last
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one is dropped:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">is_pinned</span>());
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<span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="ident">guard1</span>);
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">is_pinned</span>());
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<span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="ident">guard2</span>);
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<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">is_pinned</span>());</pre></div>
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</div><h2 id='methods' class='small-section-header'>Methods<a href='#methods' class='anchor'></a></h2><h3 id='impl' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#72-415' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.defer' class="method"><code id='defer.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.defer' class='fnname'>defer</a><F, R>(&self, f: F) <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -> R,<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static, </span></code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#90-98' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Stores a function so that it can be executed at some point after all currently pinned
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threads get unpinned.</p>
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<p>This method first stores <code>f</code> into the thread-local (or handle-local) cache. If this cache
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becomes full, some functions are moved into the global cache. At the same time, some
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functions from both local and global caches may get executed in order to incrementally
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clean up the caches as they fill up.</p>
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<p>There is no guarantee when exactly <code>f</code> will be executed. The only guarantee is that it
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won't be executed until all currently pinned threads get unpinned. In theory, <code>f</code> might
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never run, but the epoch-based garbage collection will make an effort to execute it
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reasonably soon.</p>
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<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, the function will simply be
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executed immediately.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.defer_unchecked' class="method"><code id='defer_unchecked.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.defer_unchecked' class='fnname'>defer_unchecked</a><F, R>(&self, f: F) <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -> R, </span></code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#190-197' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Stores a function so that it can be executed at some point after all currently pinned
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threads get unpinned.</p>
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<p>This method first stores <code>f</code> into the thread-local (or handle-local) cache. If this cache
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becomes full, some functions are moved into the global cache. At the same time, some
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functions from both local and global caches may get executed in order to incrementally
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clean up the caches as they fill up.</p>
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<p>There is no guarantee when exactly <code>f</code> will be executed. The only guarantee is that it
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won't be executed until all currently pinned threads get unpinned. In theory, <code>f</code> might
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never run, but the epoch-based garbage collection will make an effort to execute it
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reasonably soon.</p>
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<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, the function will simply be
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executed immediately.</p>
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<h1 id="safety" class="section-header"><a href="#safety">Safety</a></h1>
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<p>The given function must not hold reference onto the stack. It is highly recommended that
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the passed function is <strong>always</strong> marked with <code>move</code> in order to prevent accidental
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borrows.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">message</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"Hello!"</span>;
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<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
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<span class="comment">// ALWAYS use `move` when sending a closure into `defer_unchecked`.</span>
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<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw">move</span> <span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> {
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<span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"{}"</span>, <span class="ident">message</span>);
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});
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}</pre></div>
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<p>Apart from that, keep in mind that another thread may execute <code>f</code>, so anything accessed by
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the closure must be <code>Send</code>.</p>
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<p>We intentionally didn't require <code>F: Send</code>, because Rust's type systems usually cannot prove
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<code>F: Send</code> for typical use cases. For example, consider the following code snippet, which
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exemplifies the typical use case of deferring the deallocation of a shared reference:</p>
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<div class='information'><div class='tooltip ignore'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>This example is not tested</span></div></div><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered ignore">
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">shared</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">7i32</span>).<span class="ident">into_shared</span>(<span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw">move</span> <span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">shared</span>.<span class="ident">into_owned</span>()); <span class="comment">// `Shared` is not `Send`!</span></pre></div>
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<p>While <code>Shared</code> is not <code>Send</code>, it's safe for another thread to call the deferred function,
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because it's called only after the grace period and <code>shared</code> is no longer shared with other
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threads. But we don't expect type systems to prove this.</p>
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<h1 id="examples" class="section-header"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h1>
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<p>When a heap-allocated object in a data structure becomes unreachable, it has to be
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deallocated. However, the current thread and other threads may be still holding references
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on the stack to that same object. Therefore it cannot be deallocated before those references
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get dropped. This method can defer deallocation until all those threads get unpinned and
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consequently drop all their references on the stack.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
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<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"foo"</span>);
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<span class="comment">// Now suppose that `a` is shared among multiple threads and concurrently</span>
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<span class="comment">// accessed and modified...</span>
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<span class="comment">// Pin the current thread.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
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<span class="comment">// Steal the object currently stored in `a` and swap it with another one.</span>
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<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">swap</span>(<span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"bar"</span>).<span class="ident">into_shared</span>(<span class="ident">guard</span>), <span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">is_null</span>() {
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<span class="comment">// The object `p` is pointing to is now unreachable.</span>
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<span class="comment">// Defer its deallocation until all currently pinned threads get unpinned.</span>
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<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
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<span class="comment">// ALWAYS use `move` when sending a closure into `defer_unchecked`.</span>
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<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw">move</span> <span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> {
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<span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"{} is now being deallocated."</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">deref</span>());
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<span class="comment">// Now we have unique access to the object pointed to by `p` and can turn it</span>
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<span class="comment">// into an `Owned`. Dropping the `Owned` will deallocate the object.</span>
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<span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">into_owned</span>());
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});
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}
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}</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.defer_destroy' class="method"><code id='defer_destroy.v'>pub unsafe fn <a href='#method.defer_destroy' class='fnname'>defer_destroy</a><T>(&self, ptr: <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Shared.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Shared">Shared</a><T>)</code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#269-271' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Stores a destructor for an object so that it can be deallocated and dropped at some point
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after all currently pinned threads get unpinned.</p>
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<p>This method first stores the destructor into the thread-local (or handle-local) cache. If
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this cache becomes full, some destructors are moved into the global cache. At the same
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time, some destructors from both local and global caches may get executed in order to
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incrementally clean up the caches as they fill up.</p>
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<p>There is no guarantee when exactly the destructor will be executed. The only guarantee is
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that it won't be executed until all currently pinned threads get unpinned. In theory, the
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destructor might never run, but the epoch-based garbage collection will make an effort to
|
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execute it reasonably soon.</p>
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<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, the destructor will simply be
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executed immediately.</p>
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<h1 id="safety-1" class="section-header"><a href="#safety-1">Safety</a></h1>
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<p>The object must not be reachable by other threads anymore, otherwise it might be still in
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use when the destructor runs.</p>
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<p>Apart from that, keep in mind that another thread may execute the destructor, so the object
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must be sendable to other threads.</p>
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<p>We intentionally didn't require <code>T: Send</code>, because Rust's type systems usually cannot prove
|
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|
<code>T: Send</code> for typical use cases. For example, consider the following code snippet, which
|
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|
exemplifies the typical use case of deferring the deallocation of a shared reference:</p>
|
|
|
|
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|
<div class='information'><div class='tooltip ignore'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>This example is not tested</span></div></div><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered ignore">
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|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">shared</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">7i32</span>).<span class="ident">into_shared</span>(<span class="ident">guard</span>);
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<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer_destroy</span>(<span class="ident">shared</span>); <span class="comment">// `Shared` is not `Send`!</span></pre></div>
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<p>While <code>Shared</code> is not <code>Send</code>, it's safe for another thread to call the destructor, because
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|
it's called only after the grace period and <code>shared</code> is no longer shared with other
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threads. But we don't expect type systems to prove this.</p>
|
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|
<h1 id="examples-1" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-1">Examples</a></h1>
|
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|
<p>When a heap-allocated object in a data structure becomes unreachable, it has to be
|
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|
deallocated. However, the current thread and other threads may be still holding references
|
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|
on the stack to that same object. Therefore it cannot be deallocated before those references
|
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|
get dropped. This method can defer deallocation until all those threads get unpinned and
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consequently drop all their references on the stack.</p>
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|
|
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|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
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|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
|
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|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"foo"</span>);
|
|
|
|
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|
<span class="comment">// Now suppose that `a` is shared among multiple threads and concurrently</span>
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|
<span class="comment">// accessed and modified...</span>
|
|
|
|
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|
<span class="comment">// Pin the current thread.</span>
|
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|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
|
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|
<span class="comment">// Steal the object currently stored in `a` and swap it with another one.</span>
|
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|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">swap</span>(<span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"bar"</span>).<span class="ident">into_shared</span>(<span class="ident">guard</span>), <span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
|
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|
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">is_null</span>() {
|
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|
<span class="comment">// The object `p` is pointing to is now unreachable.</span>
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|
<span class="comment">// Defer its deallocation until all currently pinned threads get unpinned.</span>
|
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|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
|
|
<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer_destroy</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>);
|
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|
}
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|
}</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.flush' class="method"><code id='flush.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.flush' class='fnname'>flush</a>(&self)</code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#297-301' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Clears up the thread-local cache of deferred functions by executing them or moving into the
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global cache.</p>
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|
<p>Call this method after deferring execution of a function if you want to get it executed as
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|
soon as possible. Flushing will make sure it is residing in in the global cache, so that
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|
any thread has a chance of taking the function and executing it.</p>
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|
<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, it is a no-op (nothing happens).</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-2" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-2">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
|
|
|
<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">defer</span>(<span class="kw">move</span> <span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> {
|
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|
<span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"This better be printed as soon as possible!"</span>);
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|
});
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|
}
|
|
|
<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">flush</span>();</pre></div>
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</div><h4 id='method.repin' class="method"><code id='repin.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.repin' class='fnname'>repin</a>(&mut self)</code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#334-338' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Unpins and then immediately re-pins the thread.</p>
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|
<p>This method is useful when you don't want delay the advancement of the global epoch by
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|
|
holding an old epoch. For safety, you should not maintain any guard-based reference across
|
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|
the call (the latter is enforced by <code>&mut self</code>). The thread will only be repinned if this
|
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|
is the only active guard for the current thread.</p>
|
|
|
<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, then the call will be just no-op.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-3" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-3">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">thread</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">time</span>::<span class="ident">Duration</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">777</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>() }, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">777</span>));
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">repin</span>();
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>() }, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">777</span>));
|
|
|
}</pre></div>
|
|
|
</div><h4 id='method.repin_after' class="method"><code id='repin_after.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.repin_after' class='fnname'>repin_after</a><F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -> R, </span></code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#372-392' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Temporarily unpins the thread, executes the given function and then re-pins the thread.</p>
|
|
|
<p>This method is useful when you need to perform a long-running operation (e.g. sleeping)
|
|
|
and don't need to maintain any guard-based reference across the call (the latter is enforced
|
|
|
by <code>&mut self</code>). The thread will only be unpinned if this is the only active guard for the
|
|
|
current thread.</p>
|
|
|
<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, then the passed function is called
|
|
|
directly without unpinning the thread.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-4" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-4">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span>::{<span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>, <span class="ident">Atomic</span>};
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">atomic</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>::<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">thread</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">time</span>::<span class="ident">Duration</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Atomic</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="number">777</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">guard</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>() }, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">777</span>));
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="ident">guard</span>.<span class="ident">repin_after</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">thread</span>::<span class="ident">sleep</span>(<span class="ident">Duration</span>::<span class="ident">from_millis</span>(<span class="number">50</span>)));
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">load</span>(<span class="ident">SeqCst</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">guard</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>() }, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="number">777</span>));
|
|
|
}</pre></div>
|
|
|
</div><h4 id='method.collector' class="method"><code id='collector.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.collector' class='fnname'>collector</a>(&self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Collector.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Collector">Collector</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#412-414' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns the <code>Collector</code> associated with this guard.</p>
|
|
|
<p>This method is useful when you need to ensure that all guards used with
|
|
|
a data structure come from the same collector.</p>
|
|
|
<p>If this method is called from an <a href="fn.unprotected.html"><code>unprotected</code></a> guard, then <code>None</code> is returned.</p>
|
|
|
<h1 id="examples-5" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-5">Examples</a></h1>
|
|
|
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
|
|
|
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">crossbeam_epoch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">guard1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">guard2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">epoch</span>::<span class="ident">pin</span>();
|
|
|
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">guard1</span>.<span class="ident">collector</span>() <span class="op">=</span><span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">guard2</span>.<span class="ident">collector</span>());</pre></div>
|
|
|
</div></div><h2 id='implementations' class='small-section-header'>Trait Implementations<a href='#implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Drop' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html" title="trait core::ops::drop::Drop">Drop</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-Drop' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#417-424' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.drop' class="method hidden"><code id='drop.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html#tymethod.drop' class='fnname'>drop</a>(&mut self)</code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#419-423' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Executes the destructor for this type. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html#tymethod.drop">Read more</a></p>
|
|
|
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Debug' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-Debug' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#426-430' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.fmt' class="method hidden"><code id='fmt.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt' class='fnname'>fmt</a>(&self, f: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>) -> <a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/type.Result.html" title="type core::fmt::Result">Result</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../src/crossbeam_epoch/guard.rs.html#427-429' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div></div><h2 id='synthetic-implementations' class='small-section-header'>Auto Trait Implementations<a href='#synthetic-implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='synthetic-implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Send' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-Send' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Unpin' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-Unpin' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Sync' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-Sync' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-UnwindSafe' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-UnwindSafe' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-RefUnwindSafe' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/panic/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait std::panic::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../crossbeam_epoch/struct.Guard.html" title="struct crossbeam_epoch::Guard">Guard</a></code><a href='#impl-RefUnwindSafe' class='anchor'></a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div></div><h2 id='blanket-implementations' class='small-section-header'>Blanket Implementations<a href='#blanket-implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='blanket-implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Into%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Into%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#544-549' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.into' class="method hidden"><code id='into.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into' class='fnname'>into</a>(self) -> U</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#546-548' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
|
|
|
</div></div><h3 id='impl-From%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for T</code><a href='#impl-From%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#553-555' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from' class="method hidden"><code id='from.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from' class='fnname'>from</a>(t: T) -> T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#554' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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|
|
</div></div><h3 id='impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#572-578' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error' class="type"><code id='Error.t'>type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
|
|
|
</div><h4 id='method.try_from' class="method hidden"><code id='try_from.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from' class='fnname'>try_from</a>(value: U) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, <T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#575-577' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
|
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-TryInto%3CU%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a><U> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>, </span></code><a href='#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#560-567' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error-1' class="type"><code id='Error.t-1'>type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
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</div><h4 id='method.try_into' class="method hidden"><code id='try_into.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into' class='fnname'>try_into</a>(self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><U, <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert.rs.html#564-566' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a><T> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218-220' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow_mut' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow_mut.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut' class='fnname'>borrow_mut</a>(&mut self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut </a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#219' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Borrow%3CT%3E' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a><T> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#213-215' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, W> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>W <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> W: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, R> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>R <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, I> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = <I as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl<'_, F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></span><span class="where fmt-newline"> type <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow' class='fnname'>borrow</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&</a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#214' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></p>
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</div></div><h3 id='impl-Any' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, </span></code><a href='#impl-Any' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#100-102' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.type_id' class="method hidden"><code id='type_id.v'>fn <a href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id' class='fnname'>type_id</a>(&self) -> <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></code><a class='srclink' href='https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#101' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></p>
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